On farm strip trial, 5 farms, 150 strip seasons

Field trial poster example

A field trial poster reports a treatment applied on working land, so it needs the layout, the replication and the yield in one place. This A0 landscape example spreads biochar at 0, 5 and 10 tonnes a hectare in 75 strips on five New South Wales grazing farms for two seasons. Pasture rises from 5.1 to 5.8 t a hectare, 14% at the high rate.

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Does biochar grow more pasture? A strip trial of three application rates on five grazing farms over two seasons
B. Corrigan ¹, H. Lethbridge ¹, W. Anand ²
1 School of Agriculture and Environment, Gidgee Plains University, New South Wales · 2 Pasture Systems Group, Gidgee Plains University
Abstract
Biochar was spread at 0, 5 and 10 tonnes a hectare in replicated strips on five grazing farms and pasture was cut for two seasons. Mean yield was 5.1, 5.6 and 5.8 t of dry matter a hectare a season. The high rate grew 14% more pasture than none, but at current prices it would take decades to pay for itself.
Introduction
Biochar is sold to graziers as a soil improver that holds water and nutrients. Most yield claims come from pot trials or single research plots. This trial puts the question where the money is spent: on working farms, at rates a contractor would actually spread, measured as pasture cut from the paddock across two full growing seasons. Each farm carried all three rates side by side, so soil type and rainfall are shared within a farm.
REFERENCES
1.Pendleton, A. and Rautio, S. (2023) Biochar and pasture yield: pot trials against paddocks. Australian Journal of Grazing Systems, 41(2), 133 to 151.
2.Lethbridge, H. (2024) Strip trial layouts for on farm research. Gidgee Plains Agronomy Note 7, 2024.
3.Anand, W. (2025) Pricing dry matter for pasture trials. Farm Economics Bulletin, 19(1), 40 to 52.
METHODS
Farms. Five grazing farms on the tablelands, each with one uniform paddock set aside for the trial.
Layout. 15 strips per farm, 5 at each of 3 rates: none, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha, in randomised blocks.
Seasons. Two growing seasons, 2024 and 2025. 75 strips over 2 seasons gives 150 strip seasons.
Measure. Pasture dry matter in t/ha a season, from quadrat cuts before each grazing, summed over the season.
Analysis. Mixed model with farm and season as random effects; rate as the fixed effect.
PARTICIPANT FLOW
Farms approached
7
No uniform paddock or declined
2
Farms enrolled
5
Strips laid out, 15 a farm
75
Strip seasons, 2024 and 2025
150
Strip seasons analysed
150
14% more
pasture at the high rate, 10 t/ha
5.8 against 5.1 t dry matter a hectare a season; 50 strip seasons each
None
5 t
10 t
44.555.56
Figure 1. Pasture yield, t dry matter a hectare a season, at none, 5 and 10 t/ha of biochar: 5.1, 5.6 and 5.8, mean of 5 farms and 2 seasons.
Source: quadrat cuts, 150 strip seasons, 2024 to 2025.
Yield by farm
Mean yield, t dry matter a hectare a season, at none, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha. Farm A: 4.6, 5.0, 5.2. Farm B: 5.4, 6.0, 6.3. Farm C: 5.0, 5.5, 5.6. Farm D: 5.8, 6.3, 6.6. Farm E: 4.7, 5.2, 5.3. Across the five farms: 5.1, 5.6 and 5.8. Every farm grew more at 5 t/ha than at none, and more again at 10 t/ha, but the second 5 tonnes added less than the first: 0.5 t on average for the first and 0.2 t for the second. The wetter 2024 season grew 0.6 t more at every rate, and the ranking held in both.
Discussion
The response is real and consistent across farms, but it flattens: doubling the rate from 5 to 10 t/ha added only 0.2 t of pasture. Two seasons is short for a product sold on long term soil change, and later seasons may differ. The low rate pays back in fewer seasons than the high rate, so it is the better place to start for most graziers.
Key finding
Biochar grew more pasture on every farm, but the first 5 tonnes did most of the work.
Biochar costs about $450 a tonne delivered and spread
5 t/ha: $2,250 a hectare for 0.5 t more pasture a season
10 t/ha: $4,500 a hectare for 0.7 t more pasture a season
At $250 a tonne of dry matter, payback is 18 to 26 seasons
Acknowledgements
We thank the five farming families who gave up a paddock and their grazing plans for two seasons, and the contractor who spread every strip to rate. Quadrat cutting was done by a team of eight students over 41 field days. The trial was funded by a regional grazing research grant, and the biochar was bought at market price with no supplier involvement in the design, the data or this poster.

Block by block

What each block on the board is for, in the order a reader walks it.

Title band and three authors
The title asks whether biochar grows more pasture and names the rates, farms and seasons. Three authors from the fictional Gidgee Plains University in New South Wales.
Column 1: abstract, introduction and references
The abstract gives all three yields and the payback caveat. The introduction explains why the trial ran on working farms, and three references sit at the foot.
Column 2: methods and strip flow
Five method entries: farms, layout, seasons, measure and analysis. The flow goes from 7 farms approached to 150 strip seasons analysed, under the design's fixed PARTICIPANT FLOW heading.
Column 3: key number, Figure 1 and yield by farm
The stat block gives 14% more at 10 t/ha. Bars show 5.1, 5.6 and 5.8. The five farm table from the row is written as a section, since this layout has no table block.
Column 4: discussion, key finding and cost note
The discussion says the response flattens after 5 tonnes. The callout says the same in one line, and the four point checked list carries the cost and payback.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the farms and contractor, the field team, and a funding note that says the supplier had no part in the trial.

What makes this board work

Replication you can count

5 farms times 15 strips is 75 strips, times 2 seasons is 150 strip seasons, 50 per rate. The method block and the flow state the same arithmetic.

Farm by farm, not just the mean

Every one of the five farms grew more at 5 t/ha than at none and more again at 10 t/ha. The farm rows average exactly to 5.1, 5.6 and 5.8, so the headline is not one good farm carrying four flat ones.

Agronomy and money on one board

The cost list turns 0.5 and 0.7 t of extra pasture into payback: 18 seasons at 5 t/ha and 26 at 10 t/ha at $250 a tonne of dry matter. A grazier reads the last column first.

Questions people ask

What makes a field trial poster different from a field study poster?

A field trial applies a treatment and compares it with a control on the same land, so it can speak to cause. A field study observes what is already there. This board spread biochar at three set rates in randomised strips, so its methods centre on layout and replication, not on site selection.

How should strip replication be shown on a poster?

As multiplication a reader can check: farms, strips per farm, rates, seasons. Here 5 farms with 15 strips each give 75 strips, 5 per rate per farm, and 2 seasons make 150 strip seasons. Put the arithmetic in one method entry and repeat the total in the flow or the stat detail.

Should yield be reported per season or as a total?

Per season when seasons differ, and say which. This board reports t of dry matter a hectare a season, averaged over two seasons and five farms. The wetter 2024 season grew 0.6 t more at every rate, and the results say the ranking of rates held in both.

Why does the chart axis not start at zero?

The figure sets its axis from the data, so bars of 5.1 to 5.8 t start near 4 rather than 0, which makes the gaps look larger than they are. The caption prints all three values, and the stat block gives the change as 14%, so a reader has the true size in front of them.

Where does a cost analysis go on a research poster?

In the last column, near the conclusion, because it answers the question the audience brings. This board uses its four point checked list for price, the cost at each rate and the payback period. Keep the assumptions visible, here $450 a tonne of biochar and $250 a tonne of dry matter.

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