Signing example
Sign a convertible note online
A convertible note has to record the principal the investor actually committed and that both companies executed it in the right capacity. In this six page note for a robotics startup, the investor types the $150,000 investment amount on page 1 and signs a company block behind an emailed code, and the founder signs for the company after.
The document, with its fields
The pages as a signer sees them, with the signature, name, title and date fields placed where each party has to complete them.
Convertible Note Agreement
1. The parties
| Company | Fernleaf Robotics Pty Ltd, ACN 657 330 912, of Suite 3, 61 Wellington Street, Collingwood VIC 3066 |
|---|---|
| Investor | Okapi Ventures Pty Ltd, ACN 609 448 271, of 18 Spring Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, acting by its director Harriet Okafor |
| Issue date | 12 October 2026, or the date the Company receives the investment amount if later |
2. Key terms
| Term | Value |
|---|---|
| Principal | $150,000.00 |
| Interest | 6 per cent a year, simple, accruing daily and not paid in cash unless clause 7 applies |
| Maturity date | 12 October 2028, 24 months after the issue date |
| Discount | 20 per cent off the price per share paid in a qualifying financing |
| Valuation cap | $6,000,000 pre-money, on a fully diluted basis |
| Fully diluted shares today | 10,000,000, including the 1,000,000 share employee option pool |
| Cap price | $0.60 a share, being the valuation cap divided by 10,000,000 |
| Qualifying financing | An issue of shares raising at least $1,000,000 of new money, not counting converting notes |
| Security | None. The note is an unsecured debt of the Company until it converts |
3. Subscription
The Investor subscribes for one convertible note with a principal amount equal to the investment amount below, and pays that amount to the Company's account within 5 business days of the Company countersigning. The Investor types the investment amount here in its own signing session, so the principal recorded on this page is the Investor's own entry. The note is issued, and the Company enters it in its register of convertible notes, when the money clears.
4. Use of the money
The Company will use the investment amount for engineering salaries, two pilot deployments of its orchard pruning arm with growers in the Goulburn Valley, and working capital. It will not use it to repay any shareholder loan or to pay a dividend while the note is outstanding.
5. Conversion on a qualifying financing
If the Company completes a qualifying financing before the maturity date, the principal and all accrued interest convert automatically, on completion of that financing, into the same class of shares issued in it. The conversion price is the lower of:
- the price per share paid by the new investors in the qualifying financing, less the 20 per cent discount; and
- the cap price of $0.60 a share.
The number of shares issued is the principal plus accrued interest, divided by the conversion price, rounded down to the nearest whole share. The Company pays any fraction in cash. The Investor signs the shareholders' agreement or deed of accession that the new investors sign, on the same terms, and receives the same rights attached to that class.
6. A worked example
Assume a qualifying financing completes on 12 October 2027, twelve months after issue, and the new investors pay $1.00 a share. Accrued interest is $150,000.00 at 6 per cent for one year, which is $9,000.00.
| Step | Result |
|---|---|
| Principal plus accrued interest | $159,000.00 |
| Round price less the 20 per cent discount | $0.80 |
| Cap price | $0.60 |
| Conversion price, the lower of the two | $0.60 |
| Shares issued to the Investor, $159,000.00 divided by $0.60 | 265,000 |
If the round were priced at $0.70 a share instead, the discounted price of $0.56 would be lower than the cap price, so the note would convert at $0.56 and the Investor would receive 283,928 shares, with $0.32 paid in cash for the fraction. The cap protects the Investor when the round is priced high; the discount rewards it when the round is priced low.
7. Interest
Interest accrues from the issue date on the principal only, is calculated on a 365 day year and is not compounded. It is not paid in cash while the note is outstanding. It converts with the principal under clause 5 or clause 8, or is paid with the principal if the Investor elects repayment under clause 9.
8. Change of control before conversion
If, before the note converts, a person acquires more than 50 per cent of the shares in the Company, or the Company sells all or most of its business or assets, the Investor may elect by notice within 10 business days of being told of the transaction to receive either:
- a cash payment of 1.5 times the principal, which is $225,000.00, in place of the principal and interest; or
- shares at the cap price, issued immediately before the transaction completes, so the Investor participates in it as a shareholder.
The Company gives the Investor at least 15 business days' written notice before such a transaction completes. If the Investor makes no election, it receives the cash payment.
9. At the maturity date
If the note has not converted by 12 October 2028, the Investor may elect by notice given in the 30 days before that date to have the principal and accrued interest:
| Election | What happens |
|---|---|
| Converted | Ordinary shares are issued at the cap price of $0.60. At maturity the amount converting would be $168,000.00, giving 280,000 shares. |
| Repaid | The Company repays $168,000.00 in cash within 60 days of the maturity date. |
| Extended | The Investor and the Company agree in writing to a new maturity date, with interest continuing to accrue. |
If the Investor makes no election, the note converts into ordinary shares at the cap price on the maturity date.
10. Events of default
If the Company becomes insolvent, has an administrator, receiver or liquidator appointed, stops carrying on its business, or breaks a material term of this agreement and does not fix it within 20 business days of notice, the Investor may declare the principal and accrued interest immediately repayable in cash. Overdue amounts carry interest at 10 per cent a year from the date of the declaration.
11. The Company's warranties
- The Company is duly registered, has the power to issue the note and has passed every board resolution needed to do so. No shareholder approval is required under its constitution or any shareholders' agreement.
- The capitalisation table given to the Investor on 28 September 2026 is complete and accurate, and shows 10,000,000 shares on a fully diluted basis.
- The Company owns or has the right to use the intellectual property in its pruning arm, including the software and the gripper design, and has received no claim that it infringes anybody else's rights.
- No litigation, tax dispute or regulator investigation is current or, so far as the directors know, threatened.
- The management accounts to 31 August 2026 were prepared in good faith and fairly show the Company's position.
12. The Investor's warranties
- The Investor is a sophisticated investor within section 708(8) of the Corporations Act 2001, and has given the Company a certificate from a qualified accountant dated within the last six months saying so. The note is therefore offered without a disclosure document.
- The Investor has made its own assessment of the Company, has had the opportunity to ask questions of the directors, and does not rely on any forecast.
- The Investor understands that the note is unsecured, that the Company is an early stage business that may fail, and that it could lose the whole investment amount.
- The investment amount does not come from the proceeds of crime, and the Investor will give the Company any identification the Company reasonably needs.
13. Information while the note is outstanding
The Company gives the Investor quarterly management accounts within 45 days of each quarter end, its annual financial statements within 120 days of each financial year end, and prompt notice of any proposed qualifying financing, change of control or event of default. The Investor keeps that information confidential.
While the note is outstanding the Company will not, without the Investor's written consent, issue shares at a price below the cap price other than under the employee option pool, borrow more than $250,000 in total, grant security over its intellectual property, or change the rights attached to its ordinary shares.
14. Participation in the next round
In addition to its converted shares, the Investor may subscribe in the qualifying financing for up to $150,000.00 of new shares at the price the new investors pay, on the same terms, by telling the Company within 10 business days of receiving the term sheet.
15. Ranking and transfer
Until it converts, the note ranks equally with the Company's other unsecured and unsubordinated debts and ahead of any shareholder loan. The Investor may transfer the note only to a related body corporate that is also a sophisticated investor, and only with the Company's written consent, which it will not unreasonably withhold.
16. Costs, tax and stamp duty
Each party pays its own legal and accounting costs. The Company pays any stamp duty on the issue or conversion of the note. The Investor is responsible for its own tax on interest and on any gain, and acknowledges that the Company has given no tax advice.
17. Amendment and waiver
This agreement may be amended only in writing signed by the Company and the Investor. A failure or delay in exercising a right is not a waiver of it, and a waiver is effective only if it is in writing.
18. Notices
Notices may be given by email to harriet@okapiventures.example for the Investor and to board@fernleafrobotics.example for the Company, and are taken to be received on the next business day after they are sent.
19. Governing law and counterparts
This agreement is governed by the law of Victoria, and each party submits to the courts of that state. It may be signed electronically and in counterparts. It is signed in order: the Investor first, then the Company, so the note is offered by the Investor's signature and accepted by the Company's.
20. Entire agreement
This agreement, the capitalisation table and the accountant's certificate referred to in clause 12 are the whole agreement about the note. They replace the term sheet dated 21 September 2026, which was not binding. Where this agreement and the term sheet differ, this agreement applies.
21. Severance
If any part of this agreement is void, unenforceable or illegal in a jurisdiction, it is severed for that jurisdiction only and the rest of the agreement continues in force there and everywhere else.
Execution
Each party executes this agreement under section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001 by a director, the Investor signing first and the Company second. Both companies have a single director who is also the company secretary.
| Summary at signing | Value |
|---|---|
| Note | FR-CN-004, one convertible note, unsecured |
| Principal | $150,000.00, as typed by the Investor on page 1 |
| Interest | 6 per cent a year, simple |
| Discount and cap | 20 per cent, $6,000,000 pre-money, cap price $0.60 |
| Maturity | 12 October 2028 |
| Change of control | 1.5 times principal in cash, or shares at the cap price |
Register entry
The Company's company secretary enters the note in the Company's register of convertible notes on the date the investment amount clears, records the principal as the amount typed on page 1, and gives the Investor a note certificate within 10 business days. The register is kept at the Company's registered office and the Investor may inspect it on reasonable notice.
Who signs what
- Harriet Okafor, for Okapi Ventures Pty Ltd, the investor
- Investment amount typed on page 1 · Signature block on page 6: Name, Title, Company and a stamped Date · Verified by an emailed six digit code
- Tomasz Wielgus, for Fernleaf Robotics Pty Ltd, the company
- Signature block on page 6: Name, Title, Company and a stamped Date · Email link
The signing journey
Step 1
Three fields only
A text field for the investment amount on page 1 and a signature block for each company side by side on page 6.
Step 2
Investor first, behind a code
Sign in order is on. Harriet's link asks for a six digit code from her inbox before the note opens, and the founder is not invited yet.
Step 3
She types the principal
Harriet types $150,000.00 into the investment amount field, then types Director and Okapi Ventures Pty Ltd into her block.
Step 4
The company accepts
Tomasz's invitation goes out when her signature lands. His block reads For Fernleaf Robotics Pty Ltd, Company, with his own title and the company name.
Step 5
Two hashes on the certificate
The certificate shows a different hash at signing for each of them: hers is the document as sent, his is the copy already carrying her stamp.
Every field, and who fills it
Harriet Okafor fills two fields: the investment amount on the ruled line under clause 3 on page 1, and a signature block on page 6 headed For Okapi Ventures Pty Ltd, Investor. Tomasz Wielgus fills one block beside hers, headed For Fernleaf Robotics Pty Ltd, Company. Name comes from each recipient record and Date is stamped. The 6 per cent interest, the 20 per cent discount, the $6,000,000 cap, the $0.60 cap price, the 12 October 2028 maturity and the worked example of 265,000 shares are printed in the PDF.
How to adapt this envelope
A round with several investors on the same terms is one envelope per investor, so each note has its own principal and its own certificate. A company with two directors adds the second director after the first, each with a block, so it executes with two officers rather than one. A SAFE without interest or maturity keeps the same three fields; only the printed terms change.
What makes this valid in Australia
The Electronic Transactions Act 1999 recognises an electronic signature that identifies the signer and shows intention, by a reliable method. Section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001 lets a company with a sole director who is also secretary execute by that one signature, electronically. Offering the note without a disclosure document relies on the investor being a sophisticated investor under section 708, which is why clause 12 records the accountant's certificate.
What makes this signing flow work
The investor writes the principal
Conversion depends on the principal, and the register records the amount typed on page 1. Because the sender cannot pre fill a field, the $150,000.00 on the finished note is the investor's own entry, matching the money she then transfers.
Two company blocks, two capacities
Each block prints the company it signs for as a heading, then Name, Title and Company lines. That shows Harriet signed as director of Okapi Ventures, not personally, and Tomasz as director of Fernleaf, which is what section 127 execution needs on the page.
Offer, then acceptance
The investor signs first because her signature is the subscription, and the company's countersignature accepts it and issues the note. The order switch makes the PDF and the event log show that sequence.
Questions people ask
Can a convertible note be signed electronically in Australia?
Yes, where the method identifies each signer and shows their intention, which the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 accepts, and each company executes properly under section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001. The certified PDF and the certificate of completion are what the company keeps with its register of convertible notes.
Why does the investor type the amount instead of the company?
The editor gives the sender a field label and a Required switch, but no way to enter a value. Every typed field is completed by the recipient it is assigned to, so the principal on page 1 is the investor's commitment in her own words, which the register then copies.
Can the founder sign before the investor?
Not in this envelope. With Sign in order on, the founder is invited only after the investor signs, and the API blocks any attempt to sign out of turn. A company that prefers to sign first simply puts the founder at order 1 and the investor at order 2.
What are the two hashes at signing on the certificate?
Each signer's row records the sha256 of the PDF they signed. The investor's matches the document hash as sent, because nobody had signed yet. The founder's is different, because he signed the working copy already carrying her stamped amount and block, which shows the order in which the note was executed.
Can the investor sign from overseas?
Yes. The six digit code goes to her email wherever she is, and the certificate records the IP address her session came from. Whether an overseas investor can rely on the sophisticated investor exemption is a separate legal question for the company's advisers.
What happens if the investor declines?
The envelope moves to declined, the founder is never invited, and the sender is emailed with any reason she gave. No note is issued and no money is due. The company can void the envelope and send revised terms as a new one.
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