Cross sectional genotyping, 6,400 samples, five regional cohorts

Genetics research poster example

A genetics poster that reports one variant has to answer two questions before anything else: how many samples, and from where. This board puts both in the title band, then gives the whole width to a hero figure showing the variant frequency rising from 0.08 to 0.21 across five regional cohorts of 1,280 samples each.

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The whole board

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FU
Does one variant track with latitude? GLP4 c.412G>A frequency in 6,400 genotyped samples
T. Ashworth ¹, N. Okonkwo ¹, B. Lindqvist ², H. Raval ¹ ²
1 Population Genetics Unit, Fernbrook University · 2 Regional Biobank Consortium, Fernbrook University
Abstract
A single coding variant in GLP4 has been reported at very different frequencies in different published samples, and the samples were collected in different places, so the disagreement could be geography rather than error. This study genotyped one variant, on one assay, in five regional cohorts drawn from the same biobank, 1,280 samples in each and 6,400 in total. The variant frequency runs from 0.08 in the southern cohort to 0.21 in the northern cohort, a gradient of 2.6 times across roughly 1,400 kilometres. Genotype counts sit close to Hardy Weinberg expectation in all five cohorts, and 1,674 of the 6,400 samples carry at least one copy. Pooled across the five, the frequency is 0.14, which is a number no single cohort would have produced and which no clinic in the study region should use as a local estimate.
METHODS
Samples. 6,400 archived samples from one biobank, 1,280 from each of five regional collection centres, all consented for genetic research.
Cohorts. Centres run south to north across about 1,400 km: South, Coast, Central, Inland and North. Cohorts were not matched on ancestry.
Assay. One TaqMan style allelic discrimination assay for GLP4 c.412G>A, run on one instrument, with 64 duplicate samples across plates.
Quality. Call rate 99.4%. Duplicate concordance 64 of 64. Twelve samples failed twice and were replaced from the same centre before analysis.
Analysis. Allele counting, exact test against Hardy Weinberg expectation per cohort, and Wilson intervals on every frequency reported.
2.6x
higher in the northern cohort than the southern
0.21 against 0.08, 1,280 samples in each cohort, ratio 95% CI 2.1 to 3.2
Frequency runs 0.08 to 0.21 across five regional cohorts
Northern frequency is 2.6 times the southern, 95% CI 2.1 to 3.2
1,674 of 6,400 samples carry at least one copy, 26.2%
The pooled 0.14 fits no cohort except the middle one
Frequency
South
Coast
Central
Inland
North
00.0550.110.1650.22
Figure 1. Variant frequency by cohort, south to north: South, Coast, Central, Inland, North. Each point is 1,280 genotyped samples.
Source: Regional Biobank Consortium genotyping run, 2026.
Results
The gradient is monotonic. Frequency rises at every step from south to north, 0.08, 0.11, 0.14, 0.17 and 0.21, and the Wilson interval around each estimate is under 0.02 wide, so neighbouring cohorts separate cleanly. Genotype counts per cohort, as reference homozygotes, heterozygotes and variant homozygotes out of 1,280, are: South 1,084, 188 and 8; Coast 1,014, 250 and 16; Central 947, 308 and 25; Inland 882, 361 and 37; North 799, 425 and 56. Every row sums to 1,280 and every cohort passes an exact test against Hardy Weinberg expectation at p above 0.2, so the gradient is not an artefact of one centre carrying a family cluster or a plate failure. Carriers, meaning anyone with at least one copy, number 196, 266, 333, 398 and 481, which is 1,674 of 6,400 samples, or 26.2%. Pooling the five cohorts gives a frequency of 0.14, exactly the value of the middle cohort and a poor summary of either end. The practical consequence is a carrier rate that differs by a factor of 2.5 between the two extreme centres, from 15.3% in the south to 37.6% in the north, which is the number a counselling service would quote. Duplicate concordance was complete at 64 of 64 and the call rate was 99.4%, with the twelve failures spread across four plates rather than concentrated in one cohort. Two limits matter for reading the gradient. Ancestry was not measured, so a cline in the variant and a cline in ancestry cannot be separated here, and the biobank recruits through hospital clinics, so each cohort reflects the catchment of its centre rather than the general population of its region. References. 1. Duval, A. and Teoh, M. (2024) Regional allele frequency and the limits of a pooled estimate. Journal of Population Genomics, 11(3), 402 to 419. 2. Sarkar, P. (2025) Hardy Weinberg testing in biobank cohorts: what a failure actually tells you. Human Genetics Methods, 7(1), 55 to 71. 3. Nakamura, I., Ellery, R. and Vos, K. (2023) Assay concordance across plates in single variant genotyping. Laboratory Genetics Reports, 19(4), 233 to 248. 4. Fernbrook Population Genetics Unit (2026) Regional Biobank Consortium genotyping protocol, version 4. 5. Okonkwo, N. and Ashworth, T. (2025) Carrier frequency quoted to families: a survey of counselling practice. Clinical Genetics Practice, 14(2), 88 to 103. 6. Lindqvist, B. (2024) Collection catchment as a confounder in regional genetics. Biobank Studies Quarterly, 6(2), 121 to 136.

Block by block

What each block on the board is for, in the order a reader walks it.

Title band and four authors
The title names the variant, the sample count and the design in one line. Four authors sit over two affiliations with the presenting author marked, and the markers are generated from the affiliation list rather than typed.
Abstract
Four sentences: why published frequencies disagree, what was genotyped, the 0.08 to 0.21 gradient, and the pooled 0.14 that no clinic in the region should use as a local estimate.
Methods as a labelled protocol
Five labelled entries covering the 6,400 archived samples, the five collection centres running south to north, the single assay and instrument, the 99.4% call rate with 64 of 64 duplicate concordance, and the analysis.
Figure 1, frequency by cohort
The hero block plots variant frequency against cohort with 1,280 samples behind each point. Five short cohort labels and one short series name keep the tick row clear of the series legend that sits under the axis.
Headline number
A stat block carrying 2.6 times, with the two frequencies it comes from underneath, the sample size in each cohort and the interval on the ratio. The number repeats a value from the figure rather than introducing a new one.
Results, with the genotype counts
The counts behind every frequency, the exact test result per cohort, the carrier totals of 196, 266, 333, 398 and 481, and the two limits that matter: ancestry was not measured and each cohort reflects its centre catchment.
Four checked findings
A four item list restating the gradient, the ratio with its interval, the carrier total of 1,674 of 6,400, and the fact that the pooled estimate fits only the middle cohort.
References inside the results block
This design carries no reference block, so six numbered citations sit at the foot of the results text. Any layout missing a block moves that content into a section rather than dropping it.

What makes this board work

The hero figure carries the whole argument

This layout gives one figure a 1,452 pixel block across the top right, and the board spends it on the single chart that answers the question: frequency against cohort, south to north. A reader who looks at nothing else leaves with the gradient, which is the finding.

Genotype counts are printed, not just the frequencies

The results block lists reference homozygotes, heterozygotes and variant homozygotes for all five cohorts, every row summing to 1,280. That is what lets a reader check the Hardy Weinberg claim rather than take it, and it is the detail a genetics reviewer asks for first.

The pooled number is shown to be useless

Pooling the five cohorts gives 0.14, which is exactly the middle cohort and a poor description of either end. Saying so on the board, next to a carrier rate that runs from 15.3% to 37.6%, is more useful than quoting one number for the region.

Questions people ask

What goes on a genetics research poster?

The variant or region studied, the assay and the instrument, the sample count broken down by cohort, genotype counts rather than frequencies alone, a test against Hardy Weinberg expectation, and the interval around every estimate. Ancestry measurement, or its absence, belongs on the board because it changes how a frequency gradient can be read.

Should I show frequencies or genotype counts?

Both. A frequency is what the reader remembers and a count is what they can check. This board plots the five frequencies in the figure and prints all fifteen genotype counts in the results text, with every row summing to the 1,280 samples in that cohort, so the Hardy Weinberg claim is verifiable on the poster itself.

How many authors fit in the title band?

Four sit comfortably here over two affiliations. The author block generates the superscript markers from the affiliation list, so moving an author does not leave a stale number behind. Longer author lists shrink to fit rather than wrap, which is the point at which most posters start losing readability.

Which poster layouts have a references block?

Not all of them. The forty poster designs differ in which blocks they carry, and this one has no reference block, so the six citations were written into the foot of the results section instead. Open the design before planning content and move anything it lacks into a section that it does have.

Can I put a photograph in the figure frame?

Not in this one. The figure block here is a chart block, and across the forty poster designs there are seven image figures that have no upload control and are skipped by image generation, so they cannot be filled at all. Plan the figure as chart data and pick a design whose figure is a chart.

What does an A0 landscape poster export at?

The working canvas is 2,340 by 1,656 pixels and the export captures it at twice that, so 4,680 by 3,312 pixels, which is roughly 100 dots per inch at full A0 size. It is RGB, with no bleed setting, no crop marks and no CMYK conversion, so a print shop that needs those will prepare them.

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