Lesson plan, Year 8 science, density

Lesson plan template with objectives, sequence and assessment

A lesson plan has to say what students will be able to do by the end, what happens minute by minute to get them there, how different learners are supported and how the teacher will know it worked. This two page plan for a 60 minute year 8 science lesson on density does that with three objectives, a timed sequence, expected results, differentiation for three groups and an exit ticket.

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Ridgecombe High School, science faculty. Year 8 lesson plan: densityPage 1 of 2
Ridgecombe High School, science faculty. Year 8 lesson plan: densityPage 2 of 2
Why do some things float? Density
8C, 27 students
Class
Ms Okafor
Teacher
Lesson 4 of 9
Unit
60 min, Lab 2
Length
Learning objectives
1.
Define density as mass per unit volume and state its unit, g/cm³.
2.
Measure the mass and volume of a regular block and an irregular object, using water displacement for the second.
3.
Calculate density from measurements and use it to predict whether an object floats in water, density 1 g/cm³.

Success criteria. By the end, students can calculate the density of two objects correctly and explain in one sentence why one floats and one sinks.

Materials, per group of three
Electronic balance reading to 0.1 g, ruler, 100 ml measuring cylinder
Blocks of pine, aluminium and candle wax, each 2 cm by 2 cm by 2 cm
One irregular object: a stone, rubber stopper or key
Tray of water, paper towel, results sheet

Safety. Wipe up spilt water at once. Glass cylinders stay flat on the bench when not in use. No object goes in a mouth.

Lesson sequence
Stage
Minutes
What happens
Teacher check
Starter
5
Predict: sink or float? Show a large log and a small coin; students vote and give one reason.
Note the common idea that heavy things sink
Explain
10
Introduce density = mass ÷ volume. Worked example on the board: a 16 g block of 8 cm³ has density 2 g/cm³.
Mini whiteboards: one practice question
Practical
25
Groups measure mass and volume of the three blocks, then the irregular object by displacement, and record results.
Circulate; check readings at eye level
Calculate
10
Each student calculates the four densities and predicts which float. Groups test the predictions in the tray.
Collect one result per group on the board
Plenary
10
Return to the log and the coin. Students write the exit ticket: why does the log float?
Exit tickets collected at the door
Total
60
Stage
Minutes
What happens
Teacher check
Starter
5
Predict: sink or float? Show a large log and a small coin; students vote and give one reason.
Note the common idea that heavy things sink
Explain
10
Introduce density = mass ÷ volume. Worked example on the board: a 16 g block of 8 cm³ has density 2 g/cm³.
Mini whiteboards: one practice question
Practical
25
Groups measure mass and volume of the three blocks, then the irregular object by displacement, and record results.
Circulate; check readings at eye level
Calculate
10
Each student calculates the four densities and predicts which float. Groups test the predictions in the tray.
Collect one result per group on the board
Plenary
10
Return to the log and the coin. Students write the exit ticket: why does the log float?
Exit tickets collected at the door
Total
60
Stage
Minutes
What happens
Teacher check
Starter
5
Predict: sink or float? Show a large log and a small coin; students vote and give one reason.
Note the common idea that heavy things sink
Explain
10
Introduce density = mass ÷ volume. Worked example on the board: a 16 g block of 8 cm³ has density 2 g/cm³.
Mini whiteboards: one practice question
Practical
25
Groups measure mass and volume of the three blocks, then the irregular object by displacement, and record results.
Circulate; check readings at eye level
Calculate
10
Each student calculates the four densities and predicts which float. Groups test the predictions in the tray.
Collect one result per group on the board
Plenary
10
Return to the log and the coin. Students write the exit ticket: why does the log float?
Exit tickets collected at the door
Total
60
Expected results
Block, 8 cm³
Mass
Density
In water
Pine
4.0 g
0.5 g/cm³
Floats
Candle wax
7.2 g
0.9 g/cm³
Floats, low
Aluminium
21.6 g
2.7 g/cm³
Sinks
Differentiation
Needs more support
Sheet with the formula and units filled in, and a calculator. Irregular object optional; large print sheets for two students.
Working at level
Full results sheet. Complete all four objects and the prediction table.
Ready for more
Explain why a steel ship floats when a steel block sinks, using average density.
Assessment

Formative only. Whiteboards check the calculation before the practical. Exit tickets are marked against the success criteria: a full answer names density, compares it with water and uses the measured value. Students not yet there revisit it for 10 minutes at the start of lesson 5, on liquid densities.

Section by section

What each section is for, so you can keep the ones you need and drop the rest.

Lesson details
Class, teacher, unit lesson and length in a stats strip.
Learning objectives and success criteria
Three objectives and what success looks like.
Materials and safety
Equipment per group of three and three safety rules.
Lesson sequence
Five timed stages adding to 60 minutes with teacher checks.
Expected results
Mass, density and outcome for three blocks.
Differentiation and assessment
Support for three groups and a formative exit ticket.

How to adapt this document

First, write the objectives as things students will do, then build the sequence backwards from the check at the end. Second, keep the timed table for any subject: an English lesson might run reading, modelling, writing and sharing with the same minute column and teacher check. Third, add expected answers whenever there is a right result, so you can spot a measurement error during the lesson rather than when marking.

What makes this document work

Objectives are things students do

Each objective is observable: define density and its unit, measure mass and volume including by water displacement, calculate density and predict floating against water at 1 g/cm³. The success criteria then ask for two correct calculations and one sentence explaining why one object floats and one sinks.

The minutes add up and the practical fits

Five stages run 5, 10, 25, 10 and 10 minutes to fill exactly 60, with the 25 minute practical at the centre. Each stage has a teacher check, from a mini whiteboard question before the practical to exit tickets collected at the door.

Expected results catch errors

The teacher knows the answers before the class does: 8 cm³ blocks of pine at 4.0 g, wax at 7.2 g and aluminium at 21.6 g give 0.5, 0.9 and 2.7 g/cm³. A group reporting floating aluminium has a reading to recheck, not a discovery.

Questions people ask

What is the difference between learning objectives and success criteria?

Learning objectives say what students will learn, such as how to calculate density. Success criteria describe what it looks like when they have learned it, such as two correct calculations and a one sentence explanation. Sharing both at the start lets students check their own progress during the lesson, not just at the end.

How detailed should a lesson plan be?

Detailed enough that another teacher could run the lesson: objectives, timings, activities, materials, how different students are supported and how learning is checked. Experienced teachers often write less for routine lessons, but a timed sequence and a planned check for understanding are worth writing for any lesson with a practical or a new concept.

How do you differentiate a science practical?

Keep the same core task and change the support and challenge around it. Students needing support might get the formula and units already filled in and a calculator, with the hardest step made optional. Those ready for more get an extension question that applies the idea in a new way, such as why a steel ship floats.

Should a lesson plan include expected results for a practical?

Yes, whenever there is a right answer. Writing down the expected measurements and outcomes before the lesson lets the teacher spot a misread balance or a wrong volume while groups are still at the bench, instead of discovering it when marking. It also helps a relief teacher run the practical with confidence if the usual teacher is away.

What is an exit ticket?

An exit ticket is a short question students answer on paper or a device before leaving, used to check whether the lesson's main idea landed. It takes a few minutes and gives the teacher evidence for planning the next lesson, such as which students need a short revisit. It is formative, so it informs teaching rather than being graded.

How should timings work in a 60 minute lesson?

Plan the stages to add to the full time, with the main activity given the largest block and a short starter and plenary at each end. Timings are a guide, so mark which stage can shrink if the practical runs long, usually the explanation recap rather than the plenary, because the plenary is where learning is checked.

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