Contract clause

Waiver clause: tolerating a breach without giving up the right

A waiver clause, often headed no waiver, says that a party does not lose a right just because it delays enforcing it, accepts late performance, or lets a breach pass once. It usually adds that a waiver only counts if it is in writing and signed, and that waiving one breach does not waive the next one.

Good commercial relationships run on small tolerances: a late payment accepted, a missed report forgiven. The waiver clause lets a party be reasonable today without being told next year that its patience rewrote the contract.

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4 min read · Published

Sample clause

a retail lease between Figtree Arcade Holdings, a fictional shopping arcade owner in Toowong, and a tenant cafe that paid rent late twice during a slow winter before falling behind for a third time

27. No Waiver 27.1 A failure or delay by the Landlord in exercising a right, power or remedy under this Lease does not operate as a waiver of it. 27.2 Acceptance of rent or any other money after a breach, whether or not the Landlord knows of the breach, does not waive the breach or the Landlord's right to terminate for it, unless the Landlord states otherwise in writing. 27.3 A waiver is effective only if it is in writing, signed by the party giving it, and refers to this clause. 27.4 A waiver applies only to the specific instance and purpose for which it is given, and does not waive any later breach of the same or another provision. 27.5 A single or partial exercise of a right does not prevent any further exercise of that right or of any other right.

Sample wording, not legal advice.

Variants

No waiver unless in writing

Most commercial contracts, where the aim is to stop informal conduct from being argued as a waiver.

No right under this Agreement is waived unless the waiver is in writing and signed by an authorised representative of the party waiving the right. No failure, delay, relaxation or indulgence by a party in exercising any right operates as a waiver of that right, and no single or partial exercise of a right precludes any other or further exercise of it or of any other right.

Waiver limited to the instance

A party that expects to grant concessions during the term, such as extra time for a report, and wants each one confined.

A waiver given by a party under this Agreement applies only to the particular breach, obligation or occasion described in it and on the conditions stated in it. It does not waive any other breach or obligation, or the same obligation on a later occasion, and it does not vary this Agreement. A party may withdraw an indulgence on reasonable written notice before the relevant obligation next falls due.

What to negotiate

The risk of leaving it out

Without a no waiver clause, conduct such as accepting late payments without comment, or continuing to perform after learning of a breach, can be argued to amount to a waiver, an election to affirm the contract, or an estoppel preventing the right being enforced. The party that was accommodating then has to prove it never meant to give anything up.

Election, estoppel and what the clause can and cannot stop

Two doctrines sit behind most waiver arguments. Election applies when a party with a right to terminate for a breach acts in a way consistent only with keeping the contract alive, such as accepting rent that fell due after the breach, which can be treated as choosing to affirm. Estoppel applies when one party leads the other to believe a right will not be enforced and the other relies on that belief to its detriment. A no waiver clause makes both arguments harder, because it tells the other party in advance not to draw conclusions from delay. It is not absolute: a court may still find that clear conduct and genuine reliance override the clause, especially where the tolerance lasted a long time.

Restoring strict compliance after a long tolerance

A party that has accepted late performance for months and now wants strict compliance should say so in writing before relying on the next breach. A short notice stating that the obligation will be enforced from a stated date, and that earlier tolerance is not a waiver, puts the other party on notice and weakens any estoppel argument. The clause supports that step but does not replace it. The same logic applies to reporting deadlines and service levels as well as payment.

Where it sits in a generated document

No waiver wording normally sits with entire agreement, severability and variation among the general clauses. In a generated agreement each of those is numbered separately, which keeps the waiver clause from being folded into a single paragraph where it is easy to miss. The wording is generated from the description with no citations, so lease specific points such as acceptance of rent should be asked for by name.

Documents that carry this clause

Questions people ask

Does accepting late payment waive the right to terminate?

It can, depending on the circumstances. Accepting money that fell due after the breach may be treated as electing to continue the contract. An express clause stating that acceptance of payment does not waive a breach reduces that risk, and a written reservation of rights at the time of acceptance reduces it further.

Can a no waiver clause itself be waived?

Courts have accepted that, in some circumstances, conduct can amount to a waiver even of a clause requiring waivers to be written, particularly where one party clearly and repeatedly represented it would not enforce a right and the other relied on that. The clause shifts the evidential burden rather than making waiver impossible.

What is the difference between waiver and estoppel?

Waiver is a party giving up a right, usually by an intentional act. Estoppel stops a party from enforcing a right because it led the other party to believe it would not, and the other party relied on that belief to its detriment. Both are argued in the same disputes, and the no waiver clause is aimed at both.

Should a waiver be signed by both parties?

Only the party giving up the right needs to sign it, since it is that party's concession. A variation, by contrast, changes the contract and needs both. If a waiver comes with conditions the other party must meet, having both sign is sensible because it records acceptance of the conditions.

How do I reinstate strict deadlines after being flexible?

Give written notice that the obligation will be strictly enforced from a stated date and that past tolerance was not a waiver. Allow a reasonable period before relying on a breach. That notice, combined with a no waiver clause, puts the other party on clear warning and undermines an estoppel argument.

Does the clause matter in a simple services contract?

Yes, because services contracts are where small tolerances accumulate: late reports, relaxed response times, an extra week to pay. The clause is short and costs nothing to include, and it protects both parties, since either may be the one extending patience during the term.

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Sources

Written and checked by the OneCraft team. Last checked .